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Afrezza Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit Program Summary
Policy Number: PH-1022
This program applies to Commercial, Blue Partner and Health Insurance Marketplace formularies.
POLICY REVIEW CYCLE
Effective Date |
Date of Origin |
10-01-2024 |
|
FDA LABELED INDICATIONS AND DOSAGE
Agent(s) |
FDA Indication(s) |
Notes |
Ref# |
Afrezza® (regular human insulin, inhaled) Inhaled powder |
To improve glycemic control in adult patients with diabetes mellitus. Limitations of use:
|
|
1 |
See package insert for FDA prescribing information: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/index.cfm
CLINICAL RATIONALE
Diabetes |
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes recommends the following therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus:(2)
For type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the American Diabetes Association recommends the following:(2)
It has been shown that inhaled rapid-acting insulin used before meals in type 1 diabetes was shown to be noninferior for A1C lowering when compared with aspart insulin, with less hypoglycemia observed with inhaled insulin therapy. There was, however, a greater mean reduction in A1C with insulin aspart than with inhaled insulin (20.21% with inhaled vs. 20.40% with aspart, satisfying the noninferiority margin of 0.4%), and more patients in the insulin aspart group achieved A1C goals of less than or equal to 7.0% and less than or equal to 6.5%.(3) A pilot study found evidence that compared with injectable rapid-acting insulin, supplemental doses of inhaled insulin taken based on post-prandial glucose levels may improve blood glucose management without additional hypoglycemia or weight gain, although results from a larger study are needed for confirmation.(4) The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology states that patients taking 2 oral antihyperglycemic agents who have an A1C greater than 8.0% and/or long standing T2DM are less likely to reach their target A1C with a third oral antihyperglycemic agent. Although adding a GLP1 receptor agonist as the third agent may successfully lower glycemia, eventually many patients will still require insulin. When insulin becomes necessary, a single daily dose of basal insulin should be added to the regimen. Patients whose glycemia remains uncontrolled while receiving basal insulin in combination with oral agents or GLP1 receptor agonists may require mealtime insulin to cover postprandial hyperglycemia. Rapid-acting injectable insulin analogs (lispro, glulisine, aspart, or fast-acting aspart) or inhaled insulin are preferred over regular human insulin because the former have a more rapid onset and offset of action and are associated with less hypoglycemia.(5) For the treatment of T1DM, regimens that provide both basal and prandial insulin should be used for most patients.(6) |
Efficacy |
Afrezza was studied in adults with type 1 diabetes in combination with basal insulin. The efficacy of Afrezza in type 1 diabetes patients was compared to insulin aspart in combination with basal insulin. Afrezza has been studied in adults with type 2 diabetes in combination with oral antidiabetic drugs. The efficacy of Afrezza in type 2 diabetes patients was compared to placebo inhalation. The efficacy of Afrezza in patients who smoke has not been established.(1) |
Safety |
Afrezza contains the following black box warning concerning patients with chronic lung disease:
Acute bronchospasm has been observed following Afrezza dosing in patients with asthma and patients with COPD. In a study of patients with asthma, bronchoconstriction and wheezing following Afrezza dosing was reported in 29% (5 out of 17) and 0% (0 out of 13) of patients with and without a diagnosis of asthma, respectively. In this study, a mean decline in FEV1 of 400 mL was observed 15 minutes after a single dose in patients with asthma. In a study of patients with COPD (n=8), a mean decline in FEV1 of 200 mL was observed 18 minutes after a single dose of Afrezza. The long-term safety and efficacy of AFREZZA in patients with chronic lung disease has not been established. Afrezza causes a decline in lung function over time as measured by FEV1. In clinical trials excluding patients with chronic lung disease and lasting up to 2 years, Afrezza-treated patients experienced a small [40 mL (95% CI: -80, -1)] but greater FEV1 decline than comparator-treated patients. The FEV1 decline was noted within the first 3 months and persisted for the entire duration of therapy (up to 2 years of observation). In this population, the annual rate of FEV1 decline did not appear to worsen with increased duration of use. The effects of Afrezza on pulmonary function for treatment duration longer than 2 years has not been established. There are insufficient data in long term studies to draw conclusions regarding reversal of the effect on FEV1 after discontinuation of Afrezza. The observed changes in FEV1 were similar in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Assess pulmonary function (e.g., spirometry) at baseline, after the first 6 months of therapy, and annually thereafter, even in the absence of pulmonary symptoms. In patients who have a decline of greater than or equal to 20% in FEV1 from baseline, consider discontinuing Afrezza. Consider more frequent monitoring of pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary symptoms such as wheezing, bronchospasm, breathing difficulties, or persistent or recurring cough. If symptoms persist, discontinue Afrezza.(1) Contraindications to Afrezza include:
|
REFERENCES
Number |
Reference |
1 |
Afrezza prescribing information. Mannkind Corporation. February 2023. |
2 |
American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care 2022;45(Suppl.1):S125-143. https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/43/Supplement_1/S98 |
3 |
Bode BW, McGill JB, Lorber DL, et al. Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Compared With Injected Prandial Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized 24-Week Trial. Diabetes Care 2015;38:2266-2273. https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/12/2266.full-text.pdf. |
4 |
Akturk HK, Snell-Bergeon JK, Rewers A, et al. Improved Postprandial Glucose with Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Compared with Insulin Aspart in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes on Multiple Daily Injections: The STAT Study. Diabetes Technol Ther 2018 Oct;20(10):639-647. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6161328/ |
5 |
Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Grunberger G, et al. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm - 2020 Executive Summary. Endocr Pract. 2020 Jan;26(1):107-139. https://www.aace.com/pdfs/diabetes/algorithm-exec-summary.pdf. |
6 |
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Diabetes Resource Center. Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. https://www.aace.com/disease-and-conditions/diabetes/type-1-diabetes. |
POLICY AGENT SUMMARY PRIOR AUTHORIZATION
Target Brand Agent(s) |
Target Generic Agent(s) |
Strength |
Targeted MSC |
Available MSC |
Final Age Limit |
Preferred Status |
|
||||||
Afrezza |
insulin regular (human) inh powd ; insulin regular (human) inhal powd ; insulin regular (human) inhalation powder |
12 UNIT ; 4 UNIT ; 60x4 &60x8 & 60x12 UNIT ; 8 UNIT ; 90 x 4 UNIT & 90x8 UNIT ; 90 x 8 UNIT & 90x12 UNIT |
M ; N ; O ; Y |
N |
|
|
POLICY AGENT SUMMARY QUANTITY LIMIT
Target Brand Agent Name(s) |
Target Generic Agent Name(s) |
Strength |
QL Amount |
Dose Form |
Day Supply |
Duration |
Addtl QL Info |
Allowed Exceptions |
Targeted NDCs When Exclusions Exist |
|
|||||||||
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inh Powd 4 & 8 & 12 Unit/Cart (60) |
60x4 &60x8 & 60x12 UNIT |
1260 |
Cartridges |
30 |
DAYS |
|
|
|
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inh Powd 90 x 8 Unit & 90 x 12 Unit |
90 x 8 UNIT & 90x12 UNIT |
1080 |
Cartridges |
30 |
DAYS |
|
|
|
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inhal Powd 90 x 4 Unit & 90 x 8 Unit |
90 x 4 UNIT & 90x8 UNIT |
1800 |
Cartridges |
30 |
DAYS |
|
|
|
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inhalation Powder 12 Unit/Cartridge |
12 UNIT |
900 |
Cartridges |
30 |
DAYS |
|
|
|
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inhalation Powder 4 Unit/Cartridge |
4 UNIT |
2520 |
Cartridges |
30 |
DAYS |
|
|
|
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inhalation Powder 8 Unit/Cartridge |
8 UNIT |
1260 |
Cartridges |
30 |
DAYS |
|
|
|
CLIENT SUMMARY – PRIOR AUTHORIZATION
Target Brand Agent Name(s) |
Target Generic Agent Name(s) |
Strength |
Client Formulary |
Afrezza |
insulin regular (human) inh powd ; insulin regular (human) inhal powd ; insulin regular (human) inhalation powder |
12 UNIT ; 4 UNIT ; 60x4 &60x8 & 60x12 UNIT ; 8 UNIT ; 90 x 4 UNIT & 90x8 UNIT ; 90 x 8 UNIT & 90x12 UNIT |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; Health Insurance Marketplace |
CLIENT SUMMARY – QUANTITY LIMITS
Target Brand Agent Name(s) |
Target Generic Agent Name(s) |
Strength |
Client Formulary |
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inh Powd 4 & 8 & 12 Unit/Cart (60) |
60x4 &60x8 & 60x12 UNIT |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; Health Insurance Marketplace |
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inh Powd 90 x 8 Unit & 90 x 12 Unit |
90 x 8 UNIT & 90x12 UNIT |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; Health Insurance Marketplace |
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inhal Powd 90 x 4 Unit & 90 x 8 Unit |
90 x 4 UNIT & 90x8 UNIT |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; Health Insurance Marketplace |
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inhalation Powder 12 Unit/Cartridge |
12 UNIT |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; Health Insurance Marketplace |
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inhalation Powder 4 Unit/Cartridge |
4 UNIT |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; Health Insurance Marketplace |
Afrezza |
Insulin Regular (Human) Inhalation Powder 8 Unit/Cartridge |
8 UNIT |
Blue Partner ; Commercial ; Health Insurance Marketplace |
PRIOR AUTHORIZATION CLINICAL CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL
Module |
Clinical Criteria for Approval |
||
|
Initial Evaluation Target Agent(s) will be approved when ALL of the following are met:
Length of Approval: 12 months NOTE: If Quantity Limit applies, please refer to Quantity Limit Criteria. *Step therapy requirement may not apply if a prior health plan paid for the medication - documentation of a paid claim may be required.
Renewal Evaluation Target Agent(s) will be approved when ALL of the following are met:
Length of Approval: 12 months NOTE: If Quantity Limit applies, please refer to Quantity Limit Criteria. |
QUANTITY LIMIT CLINICAL CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL
Module |
Clinical Criteria for Approval |
QL with PA |
Quantity Limit for the Target Agent(s) will be approved when ONE of the following is met:
Length of Approval: up to 12 months |
This pharmacy policy is not an authorization, certification, explanation of benefits or a contract. Eligibility and benefits are determined on a case-by-case basis according to the terms of the member’s plan in effect as of the date services are rendered. All pharmacy policies are based on (i) information in FDA approved package inserts (and black box warning, alerts, or other information disseminated by the FDA as applicable); (ii) research of current medical and pharmacy literature; and/or (iii) review of common medical practices in the treatment and diagnosis of disease as of the date hereof. Physicians and other providers are solely responsible for all aspects of medical care and treatment, including the type, quality, and levels of care and treatment.
The purpose of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Alabama’s pharmacy policies are to provide a guide to coverage. Pharmacy policies are not intended to dictate to physicians how to practice medicine. Physicians should exercise their medical judgment in providing the care they feel is most appropriate for their patients.
Neither this policy, nor the successful adjudication of a pharmacy claim, is guarantee of payment.
ALBP _ Commercial _ CSReg _ Afrezza_PAQL _ProgSum_ 10-01-2024 _
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